The Zeeman effect and optical pumping are two mechanisms capable of inducing polarization signals in the spectral lines that originate in the outer layers of stellar atmospheres. The Zeeman effect 12 ...

Astronomers have now observed the radio emission from the neutral hydrogen gas (HI) in a nearby galaxy. Hydrogen gas emits radio emission in a spectral line at a very specific frequency of 1420 MHz.

Transitions between different electronic energy levels in elements occur at unique energies and intensities, giving each element a distinctive emission spectrum. When the energy of an incident photon ...

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