After its triumph in war with Persia, Athens under Pericles began to treat its allies as subordinates to be exploited.

Pericles' plan to defeat Sparta seemed to have taken account of everything. With a fleet of 300 triremes; 13,000 hoplite infantrymen; 1,200 cavalry and16,000 reserves; the Athenians believed ...

In the year 431 BC Pericles stood before the popular assembly and urged them to make a momentous decision: 'If we go to war, as I think we must, be determined that we are not going to climb down. For ...

Through the course of Western history, only a few leaders have so dominated their eras as to lend them an adjectival label. England had its Elizabethan age, Rome its Augustan. But first came Periclean ...

Midway through the long article on Afghanistan in the eleventh edition of The Encyclopedia Britannica, one comes across this description of the inhabitants of that ancient mountain country: The ...

Historian Stuttard (Nemesis) reframes ancient Greece’s “golden age” as a turbulent period of culture wars centered around the construction of the Parthenon. The temple complex, Stuttard argues, was a ...

It was a moment of political convulsion and public disquiet; a moment of dire pandemic and demagogic politicians; and a moment to grieve for the dead and galvanize the living. It was a speech given by ...

Traditionally known as the “first citizen of Athens,” Pericles was a lover of art and literature, and a driving force behind the Parthenon’s construction. Now, archeologists in the modern Greek ...