As a retailer looking to implement an effective marketing campaign, the default decision is to target your most loyal customers. Why? Because they’ve spent money with you already, so by sending them ...

Expertise from Forbes Councils members, operated under license. Opinions expressed are those of the author. Science skepticism can be quite multifaceted. A book published by Haverford College argues ...

Like a parent being pestered with endless questions from a young child, most people will now and again find themselves following an infinite chain of cause and effect when considering what led to some ...

(This article was coauthored with Kathleen D. Vohs and first published in Dialogue, the newsletter for the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, alongside a companion piece by John Bargh and ...

Quantum mechanics wreaks even more havoc with conventional ideas of causality than some have suspected – according to a team of researchers based in Australia, with collaborators in Scotland and ...

Reverse causality, in which obesity-induced disease leads to both weight loss and higher mortality, may bias observed associations between body mass index (BMI) and mortality, but the magnitude of ...